The English royal consorts were the spouses of the reigning monarchs of the Kingdom of England who were not themselves monarchs of England.[1] Most of them are women, and held the title of Queen consort; some few are men, whose titles were not consistent, depending upon the circumstances of their spouses' reigns. The Kingdom of England merged with the Kingdom of Scotland in 1707, to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. There have thus been no consorts of England since that date.
Picture | Name | Parents | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Coronation | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cynethryth | – | – | – | – | 26 or 29 July 796 Husband's death |
After 798. | Offa |
Picture | Name | Parents | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Coronation | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Redburga | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Egbert | |
Osburh | Father, Oslac | – | – | – | – | – | – | Æthelwulf | |
Judith | Father, Charles the Bald Mother, Ermentrude of Orléans. |
October 844 | 1 October 856 | – | 13 January 858 Husband's death |
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858 | 860 Marriage annulled |
Æthelbald | |||||||
Wulfrida | – | – | – | – | – | ? Ethelred I | |||
Ealhswith | Father, Æthelred Mucil. Mother, Eadburh |
868 | 23 April 871 | – | 26 October 899 | 5 December 905 | Alfred the Great | ||
Ælfflæd | – | – | circa 899 | – | – | (After 924?) | Edward the Elder | ||
Eadgifu of Kent | – | – | circa 919 | – | 17 July 924 | 25 August 968 | |||
Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury | – | – | – | – | 944? | Edmund I the Magnificent | |||
Æthelflæd of Damerham | Father, Ælfgar | – | 944 | – | 26 May 946 | between 962 (975) and 991 | |||
Ælfgifu | Mother, Æthelgifu | – | 955 | – | 958 Marriage dissolved |
September 959 | Eadwig | ||
Ælfthryth | Father, Ordgar, Ealdorman of Devon | 964/965 | 11 May 973 | 8 July 975 | 17 November, 999–1001 | Edgar the Peaceful | |||
Ælfgifu of York | Thored | – | – | – | – | Ethelred II the Unready | |||
Emma of Normandy | Father, Richard I, Duke of Normandy Mother, Gunnora, Duchess of Normandy |
circa 985 | 1002 | – | 25 December 1013 husband's deposition |
6 March 1052 |
Picture | Name | Parents | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Coronation | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sigrid the Haughty (Dubious authenticity) or 'Świętosława' of Poland |
996 | 25 December 1013 | – | 3 February 1014 | Sweyn Forkbeard |
Picture | Name | Parents | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Coronation | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emma of Normandy (again) |
Father, Richard I, Duke of Normandy Mother, Gunnora, Duchess of Normandy |
circa 985 | 1002 | 3 February 1014 husband's restoration |
– | 23 April 1016 husband's death |
6 March 1052 | Ethelred II the Unready | |
Ealdgyth | – | 1015 | 23 April 1016 | – | 30 November 1016 | Edmund II Ironside |
Picture | Name | Parents | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Coronation | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emma of Normandy (again) |
Father, Richard I, Duke of Normandy Mother, Gunnora, Duchess of Normandy |
circa 985 | July 1017 | – | 12 November 1035 Husband's death |
6 March 1052 | Canute the Great |
Picture | Name | Parents | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Coronation | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Edith of Wessex | Father, Godwin, Earl of Wessex Mother, Gytha Thorkelsdóttir |
1029 | 1045 | Not crowned | 4 January 1066 Husband's death |
19 December 1075 | Edward the Confessor | ||
Ealdgyth | Father, Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia Mother, Ælfgifu |
circa 1057 | January 1066 | Not crowned | 14 October 1066 Husband's death |
1066 | Harold II Godwinson |
In 1066, the Duke of Normandy, William, killed King Harold II of England at the battle of Hastings, and overthrew the English elite. He established himself as King, his wife Matilda as Queen consort, and beneficed his faithful vassals from the continent. His dynasty would not, however, outlive his children, becoming defunct with the death of his youngest son, Henry I, in 1135.
Picture | Name | Parents | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Coronation | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Matilda of Flanders | Father, Baldwin V, Count of Flanders Mother, Adela of France, Countess of Flanders |
circa 1031 | 1053 | 25 December 1066 Husband's ascension |
11 May 1068 | 2 November 1083 | William I | ||
Matilda of Scotland | Father, Malcolm III of Scotland Mother, Saint Margaret of Scotland |
circa 1080 | 11 November 1100 | 11 (?) November 1100 | 1 May 1118 | Henry I | |||
Adeliza of Louvain | Father, Godfrey I, Count of Leuven Mother, Ida of Namur. |
circa 1103 | 24 January 1121 | 30 January 1121 | 1 December 1135 Husband's death |
23 April 1151 | |||
Geoffrey V of Anjou | Father, Fulk V of Anjou Mother, Ermengarde of Maine. |
24 August 1113 | 1128 | 7 April 1141 Wife's Ascension |
- | 1 November 1141 "Wife's deposition" |
7 September 1151 | Matilda |
In 1135, Stephen of Blois, the son of Henry I's sister Adela, seized the English throne, his cousin Empress Matilda of Anjou's claims being ignored by the Norman barons. His wife, Matilda of Boulogne, became his Queen consort, but her elder son died, and Stephen was forced to appoint the Empress's son as his successor.
Picture | Name | Parents | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Coronation | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Matilda of Boulogne | Father, Eustace III, Count of Boulogne Mother, Mary of Scotland |
circa 1105 | 1125 | 22 December 1135 Husband's ascension |
22 March 1136 | 3 May 1152 | Stephen |
Picture | Arms | Name | Parents | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Coronation | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | Eleanor of Aquitaine | Father, William X, Duke of Aquitaine Mother, Aenor de Châtellerault |
circa 1122 | 18 May 1152 | 25 October 1154 Husband's accession |
19 December 1154 | 6 July 1189 Husband's death |
1 April 1204 | Henry II | |
Margaret of France | Father, Louis VII of France Mother, Constance of Castile |
1157 | 1162 | 1170 Husband's accession |
27 August 1172 | 11 June 1183 Husband's death |
1197 | Henry the Young King | ||
- | Berengaria of Navarre | Father, Sancho VI of Navarre Mother, Sancha of Castile, Queen of Navarre |
Between 1165 and 1170 | 12 May 1191 | 6 April 1199 Husband's death |
23 December 1230 | Richard I | |||
- | Isabella of Angoulême | Father, Aymer of Angoulême Mother, Alice of Courtenay |
circa 1187 | 24 August 1200 | 8 October 1200 | 18 or 19 October 1216 Husband's death |
31 May 1246 | John | ||
Eleanor of Provence | Father, Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence Mother, Beatrice of Savoy |
circa 1223 | 14 January 1236 | 20 January 1236 | 16 November 1272 Husband's death |
24 June 1291 | Henry III | |||
Eleanor of Castile | Father, Ferdinand III of Castile Mother, Joan, Countess of Ponthieu |
1241 | 1 November 1254 | 16 November 1272 Husband's ascension |
19 August 1274 | 28 November 1290 | Edward I | |||
Margaret of France | Father, Philip III of France Mother, Maria of Brabant |
1282 | 8 or 10 September 1299 | Uncrowned | 7 July 1307 Husband's death |
14 February 1317 | ||||
Isabella of France | Father, Philip IV of France Mother, Joan I of Navarre |
Between 1288 and 1296 | 25 January 1308 | 25 February 1308 | 20 January 1327 Husband's deposition |
22 August 1358 | Edward II | |||
Philippa of Hainault | Father, William I, Count of Hainaut Mother, Joan of Valois, Countess of Hainaut |
24 June 1314 | 24 January 1328 | 18 February 1330 | 15 August 1369 | Edward III | ||||
Anne of Bohemia | Father, Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor Mother, Elizabeth of Pomerania |
11 May 1366 | 20 January 1383 (?) | 22 January 1383 (?) | 7 June 1394 | Richard II | ||||
Isabella of Valois | Father, Charles VI of France Mother, Isabeau of Bavaria |
9 November 1387 | 31 October or 1 November 1396 | 8 January 1397 | 30 September 1399 Husband's deposition |
13 September 1409 |
Picture | Arms | Name | Parents | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Coronation | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Joan of Navarre | Father, Charles II of Navarre Mother, Joan of Valois, Queen of Navarre |
circa 1370 | 7 February 1403 | 26 February 1403 | 20 March 1413 Husband's death |
9 July 1437 | Henry IV | |||
Catherine of Valois | Father, Charles VI of France Mother, Isabeau of Bavaria |
27 October 1401 | 2 June 1420 | 23 February 1421 | 31 August 1422 Husband's death |
3 January 1437 | Henry V | |||
Margaret of Anjou | Father, René of Anjou Mother, Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine |
23 March 1430 | 23 April 1445 | 30 May 1445 | 21 May 1471 Husband's death[2] |
25 August 1482 | Henry VI |
Picture | Arms | Name | Parents | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Coronation | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elizabeth Woodville | Father, Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers Mother, Jacquetta of Luxembourg |
circa 1437 | 1 May 1464[3] | 26 May 1465 | 9 April 1483 Husband's death |
8 June 1492 | Edward IV | |||
Anne Neville | Father, Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick Mother, Anne Neville, 16th Countess of Warwick |
11 June 1456 | 12 July 1472 | 26 June 1483 Husband's ascension |
6 July 1483 | 16 March 1485 | Richard III |
Picture | Arms | Name | Parents | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Coronation | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elizabeth of York | Father, Edward IV of England Mother, Elizabeth Woodville |
11 February 1466 | 18 January 1486 | 25 November 1487 | 11 February 1503 | Henry VII | ||||
Catherine of Aragon | Father, Ferdinand II of Aragon Mother, Isabella I of Castile |
16 December 1485 | 11 June 1509 | 24 June 1509 | 23 May 1533 Marriage annulled |
7 January 1536 | Henry VIII | |||
Anne Boleyn | Father, Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire Mother, Elizabeth Boleyn, Countess of Wiltshire |
Between 1501 and 1507 | 28 May 1533 | 1 June 1533 | 17 May 1536 Marriage annulled |
19 May 1536 Executed | ||||
Jane Seymour | Father, John Seymour Mother, Margery Wentworth |
Between 1507 and 1509 | 30 May 1536 | Uncrowned; Proclaimed Queen 4 June 1536 |
24 October 1537 | |||||
Anne of Cleves | Father, John III, Duke of Cleves Mother, Maria of Jülich-Berg |
22 September 1515 | 6 January 1540 | Uncrowned | 9 July 1540 Marriage annulled |
16 July 1557 | ||||
Catherine Howard | Father, Lord Edmund Howard Mother, Joyce Culpeper |
Between 1520 and 1525 | 28 July 1540 | Uncrowned | 22 November 1541 Deprived of title |
13 February 1542 Executed |
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Catherine Parr | Father, Sir Thomas Parr Mother, Maud Green, Lady Parr |
1512 | 12 July 1543 | Uncrowned | 28 January 1547 Husband's death |
5 September 1548 |
Picture | Arms | Name | Parents | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Coronation | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lord Guilford Dudley (Disputed) | Father, John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland Mother, Jane Dudley, Duchess of Northumberland |
1536 | 15 May 1553 | 10 July 1553 Wife's accession |
Uncrowned | 19 July 1553 Wife's deposition |
12 February 1554 | Jane |
With the death of Elizabeth I, the crown of England passed to her cousin and nearest heir, James VI of Scotland, who became James I of England. His dynasty would rule - interrupted by the Interregnum between 1649 and 1660 - until 1714. The Kingdom of England, however, was merged with the Kingdom of Scotland in 1707, to form a new Kingdom, the Kingdom of Great Britain, after which there ceased to be monarchs and consorts of England.
Picture | Arms | Name | Parents | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Coronation | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anne of Denmark | Father, Frederick II of Denmark Mother, Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow |
14 October 1574 | 23 November 1589 | 24 March 1603 Husband's accession |
25 July 1603 | 4 March 1619 | James I | |||
Henrietta Maria of France | Father, Henry IV of France Mother, Marie de' Medici |
25 November 1609 | 11 May 1625 (by proxy) 13 June 1625 |
Uncrowned | 30 January 1649 Husband's death |
10 September 1669 | Charles I | |||
Catherine of Braganza | Father, John IV of Portugal Mother, Luisa of Guzman |
25 November 1638 | 21 May 1662 | Uncrowned | 6 February 1685 Husband's death |
30 November 1705 | Charles II | |||
Mary of Modena | Father, Alfonso IV d'Este, Duke of Modena Mother, Laura Martinozzi |
5 October 1658 | 30 September 1673 (by proxy) | 6 February 1685 Husband's accession |
23 April 1685 | 12 February 1689 Husband's deposition |
7 May 1718 | James II | ||
Prince George of Denmark | Father, Frederick III of Denmark Mother, Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg |
2 April 1653 | 28 July 1683 | 8 March 1702 Wife's accession |
Uncrowned | 1 May 1707 Act of Union 1707 |
28 October 1708 | Anne |
For the continuation of this list, go to List of British consorts.
Despite the deposition of James II in 1689, he and his descendants continued to claim the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland for more than a century afterwards. This claim was, when politically suitable, recognized by some other European monarchs. As the Stuart pretenders considered the government of England after 1698 to be illegitimate, they did not recognize the validity of the union of the English and Scottish crowns in 1707, or the union with Ireland in 1801.
Picture | Arms | Name | Parents | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Coronation | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mary of Modena | Father, Alfonso IV d'Este, Duke of Modena Mother, Laura Martinozzi |
5 October 1658 | 30 September 1673 (by proxy) | 6 February 1685 Husband's accession |
23 April 1685 | 16 September 1701 Husband's death |
7 May 1718 | James II | ||
Maria Clementina Sobieska | Father, James Louis Sobieski Mother, Countess Palatine Hedwig Elisabeth of Neuburg |
18 July 1702 | 3 September 1719 | None | 18 January 1735 | James Francis Edward Stuart | ||||
Louise of Stolberg | Father, Prince Gustav Adolf of Stolberg-Gedern Mother, Princess Elisabeth of Hornes |
20 September 1752 | 28 March 1772 (by proxy) 14 April 1772 |
None | 3 April 1784 Separation 31 January 1788 Husband's death |
29 January 1824 | Charles Edward Stuart |