List of English consorts

The English royal consorts were the spouses of the reigning monarchs of the Kingdom of England who were not themselves monarchs of England.[1] Most of them are women, and held the title of Queen consort; some few are men, whose titles were not consistent, depending upon the circumstances of their spouses' reigns. The Kingdom of England merged with the Kingdom of Scotland in 1707, to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. There have thus been no consorts of England since that date.

Contents

House of Mercia 774–796

Picture Name Parents Birth Marriage Became Consort Coronation Ceased to be Consort Death Spouse
Cynethryth 26 or 29 July 796
Husband's death
After 798. Offa

House of Wessex, 802–1013

Picture Name Parents Birth Marriage Became Consort Coronation Ceased to be Consort Death Spouse
Redburga Egbert
Osburh Father, Oslac Æthelwulf
Judith Father, Charles the Bald
Mother, Ermentrude of Orléans.
October 844 1 October 856 13 January 858
Husband's death
858 860
Marriage annulled
Æthelbald
Wulfrida  ? Ethelred I
Ealhswith Father, Æthelred Mucil.
Mother, Eadburh
868 23 April 871 26 October 899 5 December 905 Alfred the Great
Ælfflæd circa 899 (After 924?) Edward the Elder
Eadgifu of Kent circa 919 17 July 924 25 August 968
Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury 944? Edmund I the Magnificent
Æthelflæd of Damerham Father, Ælfgar 944 26 May 946 between 962 (975) and 991
Ælfgifu Mother, Æthelgifu 955 958
Marriage dissolved
September 959 Eadwig
Ælfthryth Father, Ordgar, Ealdorman of Devon 964/965 11 May 973 8 July 975 17 November, 999–1001 Edgar the Peaceful
Ælfgifu of York Thored Ethelred II the Unready
Emma of Normandy Father, Richard I, Duke of Normandy
Mother, Gunnora, Duchess of Normandy
circa 985 1002 25 December 1013
husband's deposition
6 March 1052

House of Denmark, 1013–1014

Picture Name Parents Birth Marriage Became Consort Coronation Ceased to be Consort Death Spouse
Sigrid the Haughty
(Dubious authenticity)
or
'Świętosława' of Poland
996 25 December 1013 3 February 1014 Sweyn Forkbeard

House of Wessex (restored), 1014–1016

Picture Name Parents Birth Marriage Became Consort Coronation Ceased to be Consort Death Spouse
Emma of Normandy
(again)
Father, Richard I, Duke of Normandy
Mother, Gunnora, Duchess of Normandy
circa 985 1002 3 February 1014
husband's restoration
23 April 1016
husband's death
6 March 1052 Ethelred II the Unready
Ealdgyth 1015 23 April 1016 30 November 1016 Edmund II Ironside

House of Denmark, 1016–1042

Picture Name Parents Birth Marriage Became Consort Coronation Ceased to be Consort Death Spouse
Emma of Normandy
(again)
Father, Richard I, Duke of Normandy
Mother, Gunnora, Duchess of Normandy
circa 985 July 1017 12 November 1035
Husband's death
6 March 1052 Canute the Great

House of Wessex (restored) and House of Godwin, 1042–1066

Picture Name Parents Birth Marriage Became Consort Coronation Ceased to be Consort Death Spouse
Edith of Wessex Father, Godwin, Earl of Wessex
Mother, Gytha Thorkelsdóttir
1029 1045 Not crowned 4 January 1066
Husband's death
19 December 1075 Edward the Confessor
Ealdgyth Father, Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia
Mother, Ælfgifu
circa 1057 January 1066 Not crowned 14 October 1066
Husband's death
1066 Harold II Godwinson

House of Normandy, 1066–1135, & 1141

In 1066, the Duke of Normandy, William, killed King Harold II of England at the battle of Hastings, and overthrew the English elite. He established himself as King, his wife Matilda as Queen consort, and beneficed his faithful vassals from the continent. His dynasty would not, however, outlive his children, becoming defunct with the death of his youngest son, Henry I, in 1135.

Picture Name Parents Birth Marriage Became Consort Coronation Ceased to be Consort Death Spouse
Matilda of Flanders Father, Baldwin V, Count of Flanders
Mother, Adela of France, Countess of Flanders
circa 1031 1053 25 December 1066
Husband's ascension
11 May 1068 2 November 1083 William I
Matilda of Scotland Father, Malcolm III of Scotland
Mother, Saint Margaret of Scotland
circa 1080 11 November 1100 11 (?) November 1100 1 May 1118 Henry I
Adeliza of Louvain Father, Godfrey I, Count of Leuven
Mother, Ida of Namur.
circa 1103 24 January 1121 30 January 1121 1 December 1135
Husband's death
23 April 1151
Geoffrey V of Anjou Father, Fulk V of Anjou
Mother, Ermengarde of Maine.
24 August 1113 1128 7 April 1141
Wife's Ascension
- 1 November 1141
"Wife's deposition"
7 September 1151 Matilda

House of Blois, 1135–1154

In 1135, Stephen of Blois, the son of Henry I's sister Adela, seized the English throne, his cousin Empress Matilda of Anjou's claims being ignored by the Norman barons. His wife, Matilda of Boulogne, became his Queen consort, but her elder son died, and Stephen was forced to appoint the Empress's son as his successor.

Picture Name Parents Birth Marriage Became Consort Coronation Ceased to be Consort Death Spouse
Matilda of Boulogne Father, Eustace III, Count of Boulogne
Mother, Mary of Scotland
circa 1105 1125 22 December 1135
Husband's ascension
22 March 1136 3 May 1152 Stephen

House of Plantagenet, 1154–1485

Picture Arms Name Parents Birth Marriage Became Consort Coronation Ceased to be Consort Death Spouse
- Eleanor of Aquitaine Father, William X, Duke of Aquitaine
Mother, Aenor de Châtellerault
circa 1122 18 May 1152 25 October 1154
Husband's accession
19 December 1154 6 July 1189
Husband's death
1 April 1204 Henry II
Margaret of France Father, Louis VII of France
Mother, Constance of Castile
1157 1162 1170
Husband's accession
27 August 1172 11 June 1183
Husband's death
1197 Henry the Young King
- Berengaria of Navarre Father, Sancho VI of Navarre
Mother, Sancha of Castile, Queen of Navarre
Between 1165 and 1170 12 May 1191 6 April 1199
Husband's death
23 December 1230 Richard I
- Isabella of Angoulême Father, Aymer of Angoulême
Mother, Alice of Courtenay
circa 1187 24 August 1200 8 October 1200 18 or 19 October 1216
Husband's death
31 May 1246 John
Eleanor of Provence Father, Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence
Mother, Beatrice of Savoy
circa 1223 14 January 1236 20 January 1236 16 November 1272
Husband's death
24 June 1291 Henry III
Eleanor of Castile Father, Ferdinand III of Castile
Mother, Joan, Countess of Ponthieu
1241 1 November 1254 16 November 1272
Husband's ascension
19 August 1274 28 November 1290 Edward I
Margaret of France Father, Philip III of France
Mother, Maria of Brabant
1282 8 or 10 September 1299 Uncrowned 7 July 1307
Husband's death
14 February 1317
Isabella of France Father, Philip IV of France
Mother, Joan I of Navarre
Between 1288 and 1296 25 January 1308 25 February 1308 20 January 1327
Husband's deposition
22 August 1358 Edward II
Philippa of Hainault Father, William I, Count of Hainaut
Mother, Joan of Valois, Countess of Hainaut
24 June 1314 24 January 1328 18 February 1330 15 August 1369 Edward III
Anne of Bohemia Father, Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Mother, Elizabeth of Pomerania
11 May 1366 20 January 1383 (?) 22 January 1383 (?) 7 June 1394 Richard II
Isabella of Valois Father, Charles VI of France
Mother, Isabeau of Bavaria
9 November 1387 31 October or 1 November 1396 8 January 1397 30 September 1399
Husband's deposition
13 September 1409

House of Lancaster, 1399–1461, 1470–1471

Picture Arms Name Parents Birth Marriage Became Consort Coronation Ceased to be Consort Death Spouse
Joan of Navarre Father, Charles II of Navarre
Mother, Joan of Valois, Queen of Navarre
circa 1370 7 February 1403 26 February 1403 20 March 1413
Husband's death
9 July 1437 Henry IV
Catherine of Valois Father, Charles VI of France
Mother, Isabeau of Bavaria
27 October 1401 2 June 1420 23 February 1421 31 August 1422
Husband's death
3 January 1437 Henry V
Margaret of Anjou Father, René of Anjou
Mother, Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine
23 March 1430 23 April 1445 30 May 1445 21 May 1471
Husband's death[2]
25 August 1482 Henry VI

House of York, 1461–1470, 1471–1485

Picture Arms Name Parents Birth Marriage Became Consort Coronation Ceased to be Consort Death Spouse
Elizabeth Woodville Father, Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers
Mother, Jacquetta of Luxembourg
circa 1437 1 May 1464[3] 26 May 1465 9 April 1483
Husband's death
8 June 1492 Edward IV
Anne Neville Father, Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick
Mother, Anne Neville, 16th Countess of Warwick
11 June 1456 12 July 1472 26 June 1483
Husband's ascension
6 July 1483 16 March 1485 Richard III

House of Tudor, 1485–1603

Picture Arms Name Parents Birth Marriage Became Consort Coronation Ceased to be Consort Death Spouse
Elizabeth of York Father, Edward IV of England
Mother, Elizabeth Woodville
11 February 1466 18 January 1486 25 November 1487 11 February 1503 Henry VII
Catherine of Aragon Father, Ferdinand II of Aragon
Mother, Isabella I of Castile
16 December 1485 11 June 1509 24 June 1509 23 May 1533
Marriage annulled
7 January 1536 Henry VIII
Anne Boleyn Father, Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire
Mother, Elizabeth Boleyn, Countess of Wiltshire
Between 1501 and 1507 28 May 1533 1 June 1533 17 May 1536
Marriage annulled
19 May 1536 Executed
Jane Seymour Father, John Seymour
Mother, Margery Wentworth
Between 1507 and 1509 30 May 1536 Uncrowned;
Proclaimed Queen 4 June 1536
24 October 1537
Anne of Cleves Father, John III, Duke of Cleves
Mother, Maria of Jülich-Berg
22 September 1515 6 January 1540 Uncrowned 9 July 1540
Marriage annulled
16 July 1557
Catherine Howard Father, Lord Edmund Howard
Mother, Joyce Culpeper
Between 1520 and 1525 28 July 1540 Uncrowned 22 November 1541
Deprived of title
13 February 1542
Executed
Catherine Parr Father, Sir Thomas Parr
Mother, Maud Green, Lady Parr
1512 12 July 1543 Uncrowned 28 January 1547
Husband's death
5 September 1548

Disputed consort

Picture Arms Name Parents Birth Marriage Became Consort Coronation Ceased to be Consort Death Spouse
Lord Guilford Dudley (Disputed) Father, John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland
Mother, Jane Dudley, Duchess of Northumberland
1536 15 May 1553 10 July 1553
Wife's accession
Uncrowned 19 July 1553
Wife's deposition
12 February 1554 Jane

House of Stuart, 1603–1707

With the death of Elizabeth I, the crown of England passed to her cousin and nearest heir, James VI of Scotland, who became James I of England. His dynasty would rule - interrupted by the Interregnum between 1649 and 1660 - until 1714. The Kingdom of England, however, was merged with the Kingdom of Scotland in 1707, to form a new Kingdom, the Kingdom of Great Britain, after which there ceased to be monarchs and consorts of England.

Picture Arms Name Parents Birth Marriage Became Consort Coronation Ceased to be Consort Death Spouse
Anne of Denmark Father, Frederick II of Denmark
Mother, Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
14 October 1574 23 November 1589 24 March 1603
Husband's accession
25 July 1603 4 March 1619 James I
Henrietta Maria of France Father, Henry IV of France
Mother, Marie de' Medici
25 November 1609 11 May 1625 (by proxy)
13 June 1625
Uncrowned 30 January 1649
Husband's death
10 September 1669 Charles I
Catherine of Braganza Father, John IV of Portugal
Mother, Luisa of Guzman
25 November 1638 21 May 1662 Uncrowned 6 February 1685
Husband's death
30 November 1705 Charles II
Mary of Modena Father, Alfonso IV d'Este, Duke of Modena
Mother, Laura Martinozzi
5 October 1658 30 September 1673 (by proxy) 6 February 1685
Husband's accession
23 April 1685 12 February 1689
Husband's deposition
7 May 1718 James II
Prince George of Denmark Father, Frederick III of Denmark
Mother, Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg
2 April 1653 28 July 1683 8 March 1702
Wife's accession
Uncrowned 1 May 1707
Act of Union 1707
28 October 1708 Anne

For the continuation of this list, go to List of British consorts.

Stuart pretenders, 1689–1824

Despite the deposition of James II in 1689, he and his descendants continued to claim the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland for more than a century afterwards. This claim was, when politically suitable, recognized by some other European monarchs. As the Stuart pretenders considered the government of England after 1698 to be illegitimate, they did not recognize the validity of the union of the English and Scottish crowns in 1707, or the union with Ireland in 1801.

Picture Arms Name Parents Birth Marriage Became Consort Coronation Ceased to be Consort Death Spouse
Mary of Modena Father, Alfonso IV d'Este, Duke of Modena
Mother, Laura Martinozzi
5 October 1658 30 September 1673 (by proxy) 6 February 1685
Husband's accession
23 April 1685 16 September 1701
Husband's death
7 May 1718 James II
Maria Clementina Sobieska Father, James Louis Sobieski
Mother, Countess Palatine Hedwig Elisabeth of Neuburg
18 July 1702 3 September 1719 None 18 January 1735 James Francis Edward Stuart
Louise of Stolberg Father, Prince Gustav Adolf of Stolberg-Gedern
Mother, Princess Elisabeth of Hornes
20 September 1752 28 March 1772 (by proxy)
14 April 1772
None 3 April 1784
Separation
31 January 1788
Husband's death
29 January 1824 Charles Edward Stuart

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Spouses of some English monarchs were themselves English monarchs. Mary I and Philip reigned together in the 16th century, while William III and Mary II reigned together in the 17th century.
  2. ^ Henry VI was deposed 4 March 1461, restored 3 October 1470, and deposed again 11 April 1471. Throughout this time Margaret of Anjou was considered by the Lancastrians to be de jure Queen of England
  3. ^ Edward IV's marriage to Elizabeth Woodville was not made public for several months